{"id":329,"date":"2015-03-28T14:01:37","date_gmt":"2015-03-28T13:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/?p=329"},"modified":"2025-12-21T11:13:05","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T10:13:05","slug":"czasownik-w-czasie-terazniejszym-cz-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/czasownik-w-czasie-terazniejszym-cz-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Verb in the present tense, part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"329\" class=\"elementor elementor-329\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ed836d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2ed836d2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a69856f\" data-id=\"7a69856f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67ad58a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67ad58a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you have trouble understanding Georgian verbs, their conjugations and endings, this article is written for you. We discuss the verb in the present tense, and more specifically, active verbs.\u00a0<\/p><p>Georgian verbs may seem difficult and illogical, but this is only an appearance. Apart from the not so large group of irregular verbs, the rest can be classified into groups of similar ones. Today we will focus on active and some reflexive verbs (as opposed to the passive voice, which we will write about in the second part of this series), which have the so-called marker v-. About what exactly is the so-called return page in Georgian, soon in a separate article. You don't need this level of grammar to learn verbs up to and including: level B2. Therefore, if the above sentence sounded like a black magic spell to you, don't worry about it. Today let's focus on just one thing, which is our present tense verb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46a9dfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46a9dfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Czym jest grupa v- czasownik\u00f3w, tzw. marker v-?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33afb4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33afb4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jednym ze sposob\u00f3w rozdzielenia czasownik\u00f3w na potrzeby nauki przez obcokrajowc\u00f3w jest rozdzielenie czasownik\u00f3w na te, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 w pierwszej osobie liczby pojedynczej (czasu tera\u017aniejszego) liter\u0119 <strong>\u10d5<\/strong>&#8211; dostawion\u0105 przed tematem s\u0142owa i takimi, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 <strong>\u10db<\/strong>-. Czasownikami nale\u017c\u0105cymi do pierwszej z nich s\u0105, np.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/jak-powiedziec-co-robisz-po-gruzinsku\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">robi\u0107<\/a>: <strong>\u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 &#8211; \u10db\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1<\/strong><\/li><li>pracowa\u0107: <strong>\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 &#8211; \u10db\u10d4 \u10d5\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1<\/strong><\/li><li>uczy\u0107 si\u0119: <strong>\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 &#8211; \u10db\u10d4 \u10d5\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1<\/strong><\/li><li>gra\u0107 na czym\u015b: <strong>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0: \u10db\u10d4 \u10d5\u10e3\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Zwr\u00f3\u0107 uwag\u0119, \u017ce te czasowniki maj\u0105 ze sob\u0105 2 elementy wsp\u00f3lne. Po pierwsze, wszystkie maj\u0105 wspomniany marker <strong>\u10d5<\/strong>-. Po drugie, w 1. osobie liczby pojedynczej czasownik ko\u0144czy si\u0119 na sp\u00f3\u0142g\u0142osk\u0119. Tak dok\u0142adniej to wspomniane czasowniki s\u0105 przyk\u0142adami odmiany 3 podgrup \u2013 zako\u0144czonej na &#8211;<strong>\u10dd\u10d1<\/strong>, &#8211;<strong>\u10d4\u10d1<\/strong> oraz &#8211;<strong>\u10d0\u10d5<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Je\u015bli zastanawiasz si\u0119 zatem, dlatego s\u0105 to osobne podgrupy. C\u00f3\u017c, w innych czasach odmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 lekko inaczej, dlatego warto je rozdzieli\u0107.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-055a7a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"055a7a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jak odmienia si\u0119 czasownik w czasie tera\u017aniejszym?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-314a8ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"314a8ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Og\u00f3lny schemat, kt\u00f3ry warto zapami\u0119ta\u0107, wygl\u0105da nast\u0119puj\u0105co. W miejsce kropek wstawiamy czasownik. Od razu zaznacz\u0119, \u017ce jest to pewne uproszczenie, kt\u00f3re na pocz\u0105tku nauki jest wystarczaj\u0105ce. W kolejnych artyku\u0142ach z tej serii b\u0119dziemy rozdziela\u0107 ca\u0142y czasownik na cz\u0119\u015bci sk\u0142adowe. Ale warto zacz\u0105\u0107 nauk\u0119 od tego prostego schematu:<\/p><p><strong>\u10db\u10d4 \u10d5-&#8230;&#8230;..<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u10d8\u10e1 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.- \u10e1<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d5-&#8230;..-\u10d7<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc &#8230;&#8230;-\u10d7<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;-\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong><\/p><p>Nie wygl\u0105da strasznie, prawda? Mo\u017cesz teraz spr\u00f3bowa\u0107 samodzielnie odmieni\u0107 czasowniki podane w pierwszej osobie u\u017cywaj\u0105c tego schematu. Jest to bardzo dobre \u0107wiczenie w\u0142a\u015bnie na nauk\u0119 czasownik\u00f3w.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c185c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8c185c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Z jakimi przypadkami wi\u0105\u017c\u0105 si\u0119 te gruzi\u0144skie czasowniki?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebf3420 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebf3420\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>By\u0107 mo\u017ce ju\u017c wiesz, \u017ce w <a href=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/przypadki-w-jezyku-gruzinskim-wprowadzenie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gruzi\u0144skim mamy 7 przypadk\u00f3w<\/a>. Podobnie, jak po polsku, cz\u0119\u015bci z nich u\u017cywamy do tworzenia zda\u0144, np. Gram na gitarze, a nie Gram na gitara \ud83d\ude09 W gruzi\u0144skim jest tak samo. Podane dzisiaj grupy zawsze maj\u0105 w zdaniu podmiot (czyli wykonawc\u0119 czynno\u015bci) i niekt\u00f3re maj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c dope\u0142nienie bli\u017csze (czyli to, co robimy). Niekt\u00f3re nie maj\u0105, co wynika bezpo\u015brednio z ich znaczenia, np. Ucz\u0119 si\u0119 gruzi\u0144skiego (mamy dope\u0142nienie) ale Mieszkam w Tbilisi (ju\u017c mamy konstrukcj\u0119 z przyimkiem).<\/p><p>Zatem og\u00f3lny schemat, kt\u00f3ry warto zapami\u0119ta\u0107 dla czasu tera\u017aniejszego to taki, \u017ce:<\/p><ul><li>Podmiot jest w 1. przypadku (Nominativ)<\/li><li>Dope\u0142nienie bli\u017csze, je\u015bli wyst\u0119puje, jest w <a href=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/iii-przypadek-i-jego-zastosowanie-cz-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3. przypadku (Dativ)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b44a1b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b44a1b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jak si\u0119 nauczy\u0107 gruzi\u0144skich czasownik\u00f3w?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0252dce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0252dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Szykujemy dla Was osobny mini kurs w\u0142a\u015bnie w tym temacie. \u00a0Ale ju\u017c teraz zacznij stosowa\u0107 kilka rad, kt\u00f3re Ci pomog\u0105 w dalszej nauce. Po pierwsze, jak poznajesz nowy czasownik, zapisz jego odmian\u0119 przez osoby. Nast\u0119pnie zastan\u00f3w si\u0119, jaki inny podobny czasownik znasz. Je\u015bli poznajesz inne czasy, np. czas tera\u017aniejszy i przysz\u0142y czasownika &#8220;robi\u0107&#8221;, wtedy por\u00f3wnaj, czym r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 obie formy. Dzi\u0119ki temu zapami\u0119tasz je du\u017co szybciej. I powtarzaj! Powtarzaj w mowie i \u0107wiczeniach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3e2fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3e2fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Polecane kolejne artyku\u0142y<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-00c15ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"00c15ae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-645ea44\" data-id=\"645ea44\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79899ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"79899ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/jakie-sa-czasy-w-gruzinskim\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/georgian-language-3-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-21490\" alt=\"czasy w gruzi\u0144skim\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/georgian-language-3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/georgian-language-3-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/georgian-language-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/georgian-language-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/georgian-language-3.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0ad57e\" data-id=\"c0ad57e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3058272 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3058272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/gdzie-mieszkasz-po-gruzinsku\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/jezyk-gruzinski-kaukaz-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20166\" alt=\"j\u0119zyk gruzi\u0144ski kaukaz gdzie mieszkasz po gruzi\u0144sku\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/jezyk-gruzinski-kaukaz-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/jezyk-gruzinski-kaukaz-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/jezyk-gruzinski-kaukaz-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/jezyk-gruzinski-kaukaz-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/jezyk-gruzinski-kaukaz.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe546c3\" data-id=\"fe546c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67b8e9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67b8e9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/jak-powiedziec-co-robisz-po-gruzinsku\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/georgian-language-9.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"co robisz w Gruzji\" loading=\"lazy\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you have trouble understanding Georgian verbs, their conjugations and endings, this article is written for you. We discuss the verb in the present tense, and more specifically, active verbs. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,785],"tags":[203,12,921],"class_list":["post-329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gruzinski","category-gruzja","tag-czasowniki-gruzinskie","tag-gruzinski","tag-gruzinski-a1"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=329"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35874,"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329\/revisions\/35874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jezykikaukazu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}